Sub-Structure of the Electron
To date, no detailed accepted theory
or model of the electron itself is established. What is
known is a variety of properties, each standing alone in
a table of elementary constants.
There are several theoretical publications
which propose a rotating shell or mass-less particles circulating
with the speed of light, or in- and outcoming standing waves,
which explain many relevant aspects of the electron like
the spin and a diameter to be the Compton wavelength.
At very close distances, however, the electron exhibits
a much stronger electrical field than during normal observations
- seen by the variation of the coupling constant at very
high energies. This looks, as if there were a stronger electromagnetic
field present than represented by the charge e-. Can the
electron be described as circulating purely electromagnetic
wave?
The field of a sine wave has a positive and a negative
half wave:
If looked at in space (right side), the underside of the
positive field vector has the effect of a negative field
per definition (see attraction of the positive test charge).
If we let the above wave circulate with an internal twist
like a Moebius ribbon in one turn (half sinus phase of the
field), then the wave turns upside down for the next half
phase.
In this Moebius ribbon, the negative half wave stays on
the inside during the first revolution. After the internal
torsion, the underside of the negative half wave - i.e.
the postitively acting part of the second half wave is on
the outside of the particle again to give the positron in
the above case. If we reverse the polarities, we obtain
the electron:
As the field arrives on the other side of the ring with
some delay due to the speed of light, the inside field partly
compensates itself during one revolution. The excess positive
or negative field on the outside then is the origin of the
electric charge of the positron or electron, respectively
The ratio of the field energy responsible
for the charge to the total particle rest energy is the
dimensionless figure 1/137, which is identical in value
and formula to the fine structure or coupling constant.
From the spin the electric charge and the
electron radius can be calculated.
Mass Relation of Leptons and Nucleons
One of the other key questions of
elementary particles physics is the mass relation between
leptons and nucleons, hadrons or quarks, or, more specifically,
the relation between the mass of the electron and the proton.
Leptons in many hadron decays and
interactions show a typical energy of 53 MeV. This energy
is found for electrons, positrons and even neutrinos which
are emitted from decay processes of mesons and from other
particle reactions. This energy of 53 MeV is observed so
often that it cannot be a coincidence.
A simple spherical quantum wave is assumed for the quark.
Only six individual orbits of these high
energy electrons can be placed in this spherical
quark without violating the Pauli Principle.
Three quarks consisting of six of
these electrons per quark fit the observed mass and charges
of the proton minus a typical binding energy.
3 * 6 * 53 MeV - 2*8 MeV = 938 MeV - qed.
This spherical quantum wave can have
eight quadrants in a simple agitated version. The quark
is shown to have exactly and only three different variations
of this eight quadrant quantum wave, the colours.
For more information
see the page on the Structure
of the Electron.
or see the page on the Structure
of Nucleons and Quarks.